Key Facts About the Walls of Derry
- Historical Background:
- The walls were constructed between 1613 and 1618 as part of the Plantation of Ulster.
- Built by the London guilds to protect the city from potential rebellion by the native Irish population.
- Derry’s name was officially changed to Londonderry during this period to reflect the involvement of the London companies.
- Design and Structure:
- The walls form a complete, continuous circuit around the old city, stretching for 1.5 kilometers (about 1 mile).
- They are up to 8 meters (26 feet) thick in some places, making them incredibly sturdy and virtually impregnable at the time.
- The walls include seven gates, with four original gates—Bishop’s Gate, Ferryquay Gate, Shipquay Gate, and Butcher Gate—and three later additions—Magazine Gate, Castle Gate, and New Gate.
- Military Role:
- The walls played a critical role during the Siege of Derry in 1688-1689, when Protestant settlers defended the city against Catholic forces led by King James II. The siege is a key event in the history of the region.
Notable Features
- Cannons:
- The walls are home to an impressive collection of 24 original cannons, including the famous Roaring Meg, which played a vital role during the Siege of Derry.
- Bastions:
- The walls are punctuated by bastions, which provided platforms for cannons and soldiers to defend the city.
- Panoramic Views:
- Walking along the walls offers incredible views of the old city, the River Foyle, and surrounding areas, including the iconic Peace Bridge and Guildhall.
- Historic Buildings:
- Inside the walls are significant landmarks such as St. Columb’s Cathedral (the first post-Reformation Protestant cathedral in Europe) and the Apprentice Boys Memorial Hall, commemorating the defenders of the city during the siege.
Visitor Experience
- Walking the Walls:
- The walls are free to access and can be walked in their entirety, offering a fascinating way to explore the city.
- Interpretive panels along the route provide insights into the history of the walls and the events they witnessed.
- Guided Tours:
- Guided walking tours are available for those who want a deeper understanding of the history, architecture, and significance of the walls.
- Events and Festivals:
- The walls play a central role in many of Derry’s cultural events, including the Halloween Festival, one of Europe’s largest Halloween celebrations.